• Leishmaniasis
  • Species: for example, in dogs and cats
  • Zoonotic potential (especially for immunosuppressed humans and children)
  • Pathogen transmission
    • Mainly by sand flies
    • Diaplacentar from bitch to their puppies
    • From the male to the female by mating
    • Biting
    • Blood transfusions
  • Direct detection methods
    • PCR (positive result indicative for acute infection)
    • Cytology out of bone marrow, skin lesions, lymph nodes (less sensitive compared to PCR testing)
  • Indirect detection methods
    • Antibody-ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay)
    • IFAT (immunofluorescence antibody test)
  • Chronic and progressive disease
  • Multiple complexes of clinical signs
    • General (for example lymphadenomegaly, lethargy, inappetence)
    • Skin disease (dermatitis)
    • Ophthalmological signs (for example uveitis, blepharitis, keratoconjunctivitis)
    • Others (for example epistaxis, lameness)
  • No possibility to cure leishmaniasis

Dog (2007 – 2022, n = 132,759)

Timeframe

PCR

IFAT/ELISA

2020-2022

14.6%

23.7%

2017-2019

18.8%

16.0%

2014-2016

21.0%

12.8

2011-2013

20.0%

11.7

2007-2010

5.1%

11.5%

Cat (2012 – 2022, n = 677)

Timeframe

PCR

IFAT/ELISA

2020-2022

7.5%

3.2%

2012-2020

-

4%

Up to date, leishmaniasis is thought to be not an endemic disease in Germany. Infections are linked to stays abroad.

Therefore, no seasonal evaluation of the pathogen in Germany was performed.
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