• Canine hepatozoonosis: Hepatozoon canis
  • Feline hepatozoonosis: Hepatozoon felis, Hepatozoon silvestris, Hepatozoon canis
  • Transmission via ticks in Europe:
    • Rhipicephalus sanguineus (up to date not seen as endemic in Germany)
    • Possibly Ixodes hexagonus (endemic in Germany)
  • Infection in dogs due to oral uptake of the tick
  • Pathogenesis in cats unclear
  • Diaplacentar transmission from bitch to their puppies
  • Direct detection methods
    • PCR (positive result indicative for acute infection, species differentiation by sequencing)
    • Buffy coat smears with detection of gamonts (less sensitive compared to PCR testing)
  • Indirect detection methods are not available in routine diagnostics
  • Subclinical to severe disease possible
  • Fever as the most prominent clinical sign in acute infections
  • Anemia and leukocytosis as the most important laboratory diagnostic parameters

at LABOKLIN (Bad Kissingen, Germany)

Species

Timeframe

PCR

IFAT/ELISA

Dog

2007-2021

4%

-

Cat

2007-2020

7%

-